WHAT ARE A2L REFRIGERANTS:
A2L refrigerants are a class of refrigerants used primarily in air conditioning and commercial refrigeration systems. The designation “A2L” comes from the ASHRAE safety classification, where:
• “A” indicates low toxicity.
• “2” signifies flammability, though at a lower level than class 3 refrigerants.
• “L” stands for low burning velocity, meaning the rate at which they burn is much slower compared to other flammable substances.
GWP |
Flammability |
Replacement |
Composition |
|
R-454C |
148 | A2L | R404A Replacement |
78.5% R1234yf / 21.5% R32 |
R454C Refrigerant
ENVIROMENTALLY FRIENDLY
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed new global warming potential (GWP) limits for refrigerants, with the goal of reducing the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). This means that by January 1, 2025 refrigerants used in new equipment must have a GWP of no more than 700
The EPA estimates that the proposed rule could reduce CO₂ equivalent emissions by up to 903 million tons from 2025 to 2050.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) high GWP means that they contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect. The EPA’s phasedown of HFCs is expected to reduce emissions by 4.6 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalent between 2022 and 2050—a reduction comparable to removing over 25 million railcars worth of coal from the energy mix.
THE BENEFITS
- Significantly Lower GWP: A2L refrigerants like R1234yf offer up to a 99% reduction in Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to traditional refrigerants like R134a.
- Regulation Compliance: A2Ls are an attractive choice as environmental regulations [evolve], due to their very low or ultra-low GWP levels
- Similar Physical Properties to HFCs: A2L refrigerants have similar physical characteristics to HFCs, making them easy to use without adding system complexity.
- Compatibility with Existing Tools: Most tools used by installers for HFC systems can also be used with A2L refrigerants, reducing the need for new equipment.
- Safety in Application: Although classified as “mildly flammable,” A2L refrigerants are difficult to ignite, making them a safe option for refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump applications.
A2L Refrigerants: What You Need to Know
A2L refrigerants are a class of mildly flammable (A2), low-toxicity (L) refrigerants. They are part of a newer generation of refrigerants designed to reduce environmental impact while maintaining reliable performance in commercial and industrial refrigeration systems.
A2Ls offer a lower GWP compared to many traditional refrigerants. This makes them a strong choice for companies looking to reduce their environmental footprint and prepare for upcoming regulatory changes.
Yes—when used with proper safety measures. Although A2Ls are classified as mildly flammable, modern refrigeration systems are designed with built-in safety features such as:
- Leak detection sensors
- Electronic shut-off controls
- Ventilation or circulation systems
- Isolation valves
These measures help prevent, detect, and respond to leaks, keeping systems safe and compliant with applicable safety standards.
Yes. Refrigeration systems using A2Ls must meet updated safety standards and may require certified technicians trained to install and maintain them. However, many components and control systems are already compatible with A2Ls, and manufacturers are providing clear guidelines for safe integration.
Yes. A2Ls allow for higher charge limits than some other flammable refrigerants, enabling the design of larger-capacity systems. This flexibility supports applications such as centralized refrigeration setups that serve multiple zones or walk-ins.
While CO₂ is a non-flammable refrigerant with ultra-low GWP, it operates at much higher pressures and may require more complex system designs. A2Ls strike a balance between performance, safety, and environmental impact, especially in systems where CO₂ may not be practical.
No. A2Ls are odorless, which is why leak detectors are essential. Sensors ensure that leaks are identified quickly, even if they are not detectable by smell.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the production and import of high-GWP refrigerants under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act. Through an allowance allocation program, the EPA is gradually reducing the availability of traditional refrigerants and encouraging the adoption of lower-GWP options, such as A2Ls.
If you’re considering transitioning to A2L refrigerants, you should:
- Confirm system compatibility
- Plan for required safety features
- Work with certified professionals
- Stay informed on federal and local regulations
